Finance and Accounting Issues

 

Tax Issues

Section 199 Deduction

    Comments on Proposed Regulations Under Section 199
    (Acrobat document)
    January 3, 2006. Comments from SoFTEC to the IRS on the proposed Treasury regulations concerning the deduction for income attributable to domestic production activities under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (ÒSection 199Ó).
    Restrictions to the Section 199 Deduction
    (Microsoft Word & Acrobat documents)
    The Treasury Department, in January of 2005, issued guidance that restricts the availability to software companies of the Section 199 deduction for domestic production activities. In particular, the guidance provides that the deduction is not available unless the software vendor delivers a copy of the software to the customer. Software companies that provide their customers with online access to their product's functionality will not be able to claim the deduction with regard to revenue from that source. SoFTEC is working to have Congress cure this anomaly in its upcoming technical corrections legislation. The following documents chronicle the issue:

Cuno Decision

    Cuno Decision
    (Microsoft Word & Acrobat documents)
    In September of last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued an opinion holding that state level economic tax incentives violated the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. In the case of Cuno v Daimler Chrysler, the Court ruled that an investment tax credit offered by the state of Ohio and relied upon by Daimler to expand an auto plant in Ohio was invalid. SoFTEC is participating with a coalition of companies and trade associations to advocate for federal legislation overturning the decision. The decision, legislation and background materials can be found here:

Streamlined Sales Tax Project

  • Multiple Points of Use Exemptions for Software
    • SSTP: Multiple Points of Use Exemptions for Software
      (Microsoft Word documents)
      Section 312 of the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement adopted in November of 2003, provided that in cases where computer software delivered electronically was to be used concurrently in more than one location, the customer was required to provide the vendor with an exemption form claiming multiple points of use (MPU). Upon receipt of the MPU exemption form, the customer was relieved of all responsibility for collecting and remitting sales tax and the customer was required to allocation the transaction to the jurisdictions where the software was to be used. SoFTEC complained that the limitation of this section to software that was delivered electronically was too narrow and asked the SSTP to amend the provision to expand its use to software regardless of the method of delivery. SSTP responded to our request and at the April 2005 meeting of the Streamlined Sales Tax Implementing States, approved an amendment to the SSTP. Relevant information on this issue can be found at:
  • Software Maintenance Contracts
    • SSTP-Maintenance Contracts
      (Microsoft Word documents)
      SoFTEC has asked the SSTP to amend the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement to include a section providing uniform treatment of software maintenance contracts. The SSTP, at this time, has only had preliminary exposure to this issue and it uncertain when they will undertake further consideration of the proposal. SoFTEC's proposal and description of the issue:


    International Tax

      Crane-Rangel Domestic Production Activity Deduction Bill
      APRIL 11, 2003, (Adobe Acrobat document)
      H. R. 1769: A Bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to comply with the World Trade Organization rulings on the FSC/ETI benefit in a manner that preserves jobs and production activities in the United States.

    Levin/McCain Stock Options Bill

      S. 1940: Levin/McCain Stock Options Bill
      (Adobe Acrobat document)
      A Bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide that corporate tax benefits from stock option compensation expenses are allowed only to the extent such expenses are included in a corporation's financial statements.

      Oppose S. 1940, The Levin Mccain Stock Options Bill
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Statement by prepared by Software Finance and Tax Executives Council (SoFTEC) outlining reasons for opposition to the recently introduced "S. 1940, The Levin Mccain Stock Options Bill."

      The Accounting And Tax Treatment Of Stock Options Are Transparent And Consistent
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Statement by prepared by Software Finance and Tax Executives Council (SoFTEC) outlining opposition to the proposed Bill: S. 1940: The Levin McCain Stock Options Bill.

      Comparison Of Accounting And Tax Treatment Of Employee Stock Options
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Comparison Of Accounting And Tax Treatment Of Employee Stock Options prepared by Software Finance and Tax Executives Council (SoFTEC).

      Enron And Employee Stock Options
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Statement by prepared by Software Finance and Tax Executives Council (SoFTEC) outlining opposition to the recently introduced "Ending Double Standards for Stock Options Act" attempting to link the Enron scandal to the tax treatment of stock option compensation.


    Stock Options

  • Allocating Between U.S. and Foreign Source Income

  • ESPP Payroll Tax Withholding

  • Limitations on Tax Deduction
  • Inclusion in Cost Sharing Pool (transfer pricing)

  • Electronic Commerce

  • Foreign Withholding
  • VAT Registration & Collection

  • Permanent Establishment
  • State Sales Tax Registration and Collection Obligations
    • Uniform Sales And Use Tax Administration Act
      (Microsoft Word document),
      Approved: December 22, 2000 Agreement to simplify and modernize sales and use tax administration in order to substantially reduce the burden of tax compliance for all sellers and for all types of commerce.

      SoFTEC Judiciary Committee Testimony
      (Microsoft Word document), June 29, 2000
      Statement of Mark E. Nebergall before the Subcommittee On Commercial And Administrative Law, Committee On The Judiciary, United States House of Representatives. Hearing on: H.R. 4267, The "Internet Tax Reform And Reduction Act Of 2000"; H.R. 4460, The "Internet Tax Simplification Act Of 2000"; H.R. 4462, The "Fair And Equitable Interstate Tax Compact Simplification Act Of 2000".

      SoFTEC Ways and Means Committee Testimony
      (Microsoft Word document), May 16, 2000
      Statement of Mark E. Nebergall before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Ways and Means, United States House of Representatives. Hearings on the report of the advisory commission on electronic commerce.

  • Nexus (sales tax and income tax)

    • HR 1956, Business Activity Tax Simplification Act (BATSA)
      (Microsoft Word & Acrobat documents)
      As an counterbalance to federal legislation that would sanction the efforts of the states under the Streamlined Sales Tax Project and allow for repeal, under certain circumstances, of the physical presence standard for sales and use tax collection by remote vendors, Congress is considering legislation that would enact bright line physical presence nexus standards for state level business activity taxes. Relevant information can be found here:

  • Internet Tax
  • Revenue Characterization

  • Information Reporting

  • Penalties for Failure to Report

  • R & D Credit

  • Extension of Credit
    • Extending the R & D Tax Credit
      (Microsoft Word documents)
      SoFTEC is actively engaged with the R & D Credit Coalition to again extend the R & D tax credit which expires at the end of this year. In addition to making the credit permanent, the Coalition's objectives include increasing the rates of the Alternative Incremental Research Credit (AIRC) and the enactment of a new Alternative Simplified Credit. Legislation consistent with these objectives has been introduced in both the House and the Senate. Links to relevant documents and information follows.

  • Previously Proposed Regulations & Actions

    • Summary Of Proposed Treasury Regulations
      (Microsoft Word document), December 14, 2001
      Summary, prepared by SoFTEC, of Proposed Treasury Regulations Under Section 41, Research And Experimentation Tax Credit.

      Credit for Increasing Research Activities
      (Adobe Acrobat document), December 13, 2001
      Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury's proposed regulations relating to the computation of the research credit under section 41(c) and the definition of qualified research under section 41(d).

      SoFTEC Amicus Curiae-TAASC
      (Microsoft Word document)
      SoFTEC's brief Amicus Curiae in Tax and Accounting Software Corp. v. United States, U.S. Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit. Involves whether software development activities qualify for the R&D credit.

      TAASC Main Brief
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Answer brief by Tax and Accounting Software in TAASC v. United States, Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit. Involves whether software product development costs qualify for the R&D credit.

      TAASC v. United States, Order Granting Taxpayers Motion for Summary Judgment
      (Microsoft Word document)
      TAASC, Tax and Accounting Software Corp. v. United States, Order dated July 31, 2000, U.S. District Court for the District of Oklahoma, granting Taxpayers motion for summmary judgment and denying governmnet's motion for summary judgment. Hold that expenses for software product development are aligible for the R&D Credit.

      Tax and Accounting Software Corporation, et al, v. United States, Brief for the Appellant
      (Microsoft Word document)
      TASC, Government's brief to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in case involving whether software product expenses qualified for the R&D Credit under 26 USC Sec. 41.

      Analysis of 41(d) Regulations
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Treasury continues to make improvements to the regulations but they still contain serious misinterpretations of the statute and require further revisions before they are implemented.

      41(d) Regulations
      (Microsoft Word document)
      Effective: Jan. 3, 2001: This document contains final regulations relating to the computation of the credit under section 41(c) and the definition of qualified research under section 41(d).

      41Notice 2001-19: Part III - Administrative, Procedural, and Miscellaneous Comments on Research Credit Regulations
      (Microsoft Word document)
      On January 3, 2001, the Treasury Department published final regulations (TD 8930) relating to the computation of the research credit under 41(c) and the definition of qualified research under 41(d) in the Federal Register (66 F.R. 280).


    Foreign Sales Corporations (FSC)

  • Employment Taxes On Statutory Stock Options
  • EU Retaliation Against Software Imports Royalties
    • Summary of European Commission (EC) Requests
      (Microsoft Word document)
      In 1997, the European Commission (EC) requested consultations with the U.S. regarding the FSC provisions' alleged noncompliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules prohibiting certain export subsidies.

      WTO-FSC Panel Decision: United States -- Tax Treatement for "Foreign Sales Corporations"
      Panel Report: October 9, 1999, (Microsoft Word document)
      Appellate Body Report: February 24, 2000, (Microsoft Word document)


    For information about SoFTEC membership or current initiatives, contact:
    Mark Nebergall, SoFTEC President, at (202) 331-9533, or mnebergall@softwarefinance.org.

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